Bassoon Digital Professor #34.
巴松管数码教授＃34。

Translation by Hanyu Qu. 译：屈涵雨

3rd Bassoon Lesson with Terry B. Ewell (2008, BDP #34)
唐英伟博士的第三节巴松课

<Music: Vivaldi's E minor Concerto>
背景音乐：维瓦尔第 E小调协奏曲

1.OK, So let's apply some of these principles that we have already learned about articulation. Let's apply these now to some of the studies you would have for this lesson. Well the first study we are going to do now is from Rubank [Elementary Method]. I am going to play from the first two of measures of rhythmic studies number one.
好的，这节课我们来就上节课所学习的几种演奏技巧进行应用练习。练习一我们来学习Runbank巴松演奏基础教材， 我将演示教材第八页节奏练习一的前两小节。
<music>〈音乐〉

2. That particular stop to each note was done with just the tongue. I kept the air constant. I didn't move the embouchure. This is the reed, this is the tongue. The reed is vibrating. The tongue stops the vibration and release.
值得注意的是我是用舌头堵住哨片来发音的，我在停止发音前持续送气并且不改变我的嘴型。假如这是哨片这是舌头，舌头通过堵住震动的哨片再松开这样发音
<demonstration of tonguing>
<描述发音方法>

3.Just a little touch of the tongue to the reed. I will do that again.
只是舌头轻微接触哨片，我再来示范一次
<music>
〈音乐〉

4.I would like you to observe your embouchure. It is a good idea to have a mirror. Make sure that are no changes here [with your embouchure]. It should look the same as if you are slurring it like this.
我希望你可以观察你的哨片风口，用镜子观察是个好方法。要保证你的嘴型不变，就像你在一直持续送气时的嘴型一样，像这样。
<music-all slurred>
〈没有分音的音乐〉

5.The air is kept constant. There is still pressure behind the tongue when you stop the reed. The reed is vibrating here, the tongue stops it. It is a bit like your water faucet in your house or in your tap. When you turn it on, water comes out because there is already pressure behind it.
When you turn off it off--that valve--or shut off, there is no water coming out.持续送气，在你用舌头去停止发音时要保证还有气息的压力在。哨片在这震动，舌头在风口处使其停止震动。这可以类比你家的水龙头：当你打开它时，水龙头里的压力使水流出，当你拧上龙头时，阀门关闭，所以水不会流出。

6.OK so let's go on to the second example here. This is a little bit different because every note is not stopped with the tongue, but we have some rests introduced. Where you have time to round out the note, to make a slight diminuendo, a nice a resonant ending to the note. You should do that. This is done with the air supply stopping and the embouchure closing to keep the pitch from dropping. Just as we have already illustrated with our experiments. So here is number two.好的下面我们来看看第二个例子，这个例子与第一个例子不一样的地方是音符后面跟有休止符，所以我们不用舌头来停止发音，我们有时间去修饰尾音，我们在结束时做轻微的渐弱让它有一个漂亮的共鸣的结束。要做到这一点我们要在尾音时减少气息但是收紧嘴型以免音调低下去，下面我来示范第二条

<music>
〈音乐〉

7. I don't know if you can see my embouchure here, if there is any change.
我不知道你是否可以看到我的嘴型变化
<music>
<音乐>

8. I am closing it [the embouchure] off slightly at the end of those notes [followed by rests.]You see it is important for us to master both types of endings to notes The ending using the air and the embouchure--the resonant ending to the note--and the ending stopping the note with the tongue.
我在音要结束时慢慢收紧嘴型。你可以看到熟练驾驭两种停止发音方法的重要性—用舌头停止发音和用气息停止发音—即用气息结束一个共鸣性的尾音和用舌头结束尾音。

9.Alright, let's look at one other study. Let's look at this Weissenborn study number three.
好，我们来看下一条：来自weissenborn教材的第三条。

10．It is now appearing on your screen. In particular I want us to look at measures five and six. This is the first time we now have staccato eighth notes included here. With the staccato eighth notes we can play these with the two different endings. In fact I think it is good to practice the two different endings. Here in measures 5 and 6, and I will play measures 7 and 8 as well. Let me end the staccato notes with the air and the embouchure.
现在你在屏幕上可以看到，我们着重看一下第五和第六小节。这是我们第一次遇到八分跳音。因为有了八分音符我们用两种不同的结束音方法来演奏这条，我建议最好是两种方法都要练习。下面我来示范5，6和7，8小节并用上面两种气息和舌头的方法结束八分音符。
<music>
〈音乐〉

11.So I am actually stopping each note and rounding it out again with the embouchure closing.
我事实上是用气息停止每个音然后嘴巴收紧来停止发音的
〈音乐〉
<music>

12.Now the other way I can stop the notes is with the tongue. This time I am going to stop the notes with the tongue abruptly. So you can hear it [the staccato notes] stop immediately.
现在我处理结束音的另一种方法是用舌头结束，这种方法会比较突然，你可以听到跳音在发生后立刻停止。
〈音乐〉
<music>

13.Did you hear how the ending was squared off on those eighth notes.. Now I can adjust the length of a note just by when I place the tongue on the reed. First I will make them very short. Then the next time I will make them longer for you.
你可以听得到用舌头结束的八分跳音干脆而整齐。我可以用舌头来控制结束这些音符的长短。首先我演奏短一些的，然后再示范长一些的尾音给你。
〈音乐>
<music>

14.Those were the shorter notes. Now I will lengthen the note but still stop it with the tongue.这是相对较短的音符，现在我来演奏较长一点的结束，但是仍用舌头结束尾音。
〈音乐〉
<music>

15.Could you hear how those were longer? I kept the air supply going throughout the notes. Now those were with the more abrupt ending. I can also make short notes by placing the tongue on the reed a little bit more slowly and get the effect of the resonant ending however, doing it with the tongue. Let me illustrate this in slow motion for you. So, for instance, let me play a note and make a tongued diminuendo. yes, I am making a diminuendo just by the rate at which I put the tongue on the reed.
你听到如何使这些音符变长了吗？因为我在演奏各个音符时持续送气。这些是我对于比较快与干脆的结束音的停止发音的方法。另外，我可以放慢舌头接触哨片的速度来使结束音更好具有共鸣性。所以现在我要给你示范一下放慢吐舌速度来对音符做一个渐弱。
<music: example of diminuendo with tongue>
〈音乐：用舌头渐弱〉

16.Can you hear how the note closed off?
你听到音符是怎样结束了吗？
<music>
〈音乐〉

17.This is just doing it with the tongue. You can do this with a faster motion, which is what I will do now.
这是对于舌头放慢吐音速度的示范，你还可以加快速度，现在我再来演奏一下
<music>
〈音乐〉

18.I didn't do is well. Let me try it again.
哦这次效果不太好，我再来一次
<music>
〈音乐〉

19.So you can vary the speed at which the tongue goes on the notes.
Let me give you a little study. I know this is a lot to do in the third lesson, but some of these principles can carry forward later. I am giving to you a little study here with some eighth notes followed by eighth rests. Let's set the metronome for 80. What I want you to do is three different stops to the notes. The first stop is with the air and the
embouchure.
所以你可以通过舌头调整吐音的速度。我来向你说明一下：虽然这堂课需要你练习掌握的内容很多，但是一些原则和概念涵盖着以后的学习和练习。所以下面我再来研习一下如何演奏八分音符后跟八分休止符，我把节拍器调到80。我想让你掌握的是三种不同结束音的方法。第一种方法是用气息结束.

<Music: demonstration of air and embouchure stops>
〈音乐〉

20．For each of those, I felt my (stomach) abdominal muscles pulsing: "hoo hoo hoo."
在演奏每个音符时我感受到我的腹部肌肉在用力哦

21.Let's try that again.
我们来再试一次
<Music: demonstration of air and embouchure stops>
〈示范气息结束音符的方法〉

22.So there was a pulse to it. Now this time for the tongued, abrupt stop. We are going to use the tongue, but keep the air constant through the whole thing. So here is the tongued, abrupt stop.
每个音符都有推一下的感觉。现在我们来练习用舌头结束尾音，要注意的是，只是中间用舌头间隔，发音过程中要保证持续送气，我来示范一下
<Music: demonstration of tongued stops>
〈示范用舌头结束音〉

23.I missed a note there. I wasn't too happy. Let's do that again.
哦我吃掉了一个音符，这令我不太满意，我们再来一遍。
<Music: demonstration of tongued stops>
〈示范〉

24．Can you hear how each note was chopped off at the end? Now, I am going to use the air constant, but the tongue less abrupt at the end [of each note].你听得出来这些音是如何结束的了吗？现在我来示范第三种柔和吐音结束的方法，持续送气，但是舌头的速度变慢结束变得柔和。

<Music: demonstration of tongued stops--less abrupt>
〈示范：不太突然柔和的结束音〉

25．Could you hear that? Could you hear those subtle differences? It is important for you as a bassoonist to master these different techniques. It is not that one is right and one is wrong. They are all equally good [for] certain situations. Some are more appropriate for certain situations; other types of articulation for others. You want to be the type of player who has freedom, who is able to choose from all of these different techniques. You don't want to be locked into one type of articulation.You want to have varied articulations. This will give you the greatest variety, the greatest color to your playing.
你可以听得出并且辨识出这三种表现方法之间细微的差别吗？熟练驾驭这些方法对你来说很重要。每一种方法没有对或错，它们适合于不同的表现情况。你希望成为一个自由灵活的演奏家，可以在这几种方法之间游刃有余。掌握多种演奏方法会给你的演奏增色很多！

26.So that is a little exercise for you to practice. Practice it at some different tempos. Explore what your tongue can do on the reed. Explore also your air and embouchure releases. So that you discover your abilities and you continue to improve your playing.
所以这是这堂课你所需要做出的练习。希望你可以用不同的速度来练习，挖掘你吐音的控制力和嘴型改变所带来的变化，通过持续的练习相信你可以激发更多潜力！


<Music: Vivaldi's “La Notte” concerto for Bassoon, Strings, and Continuo>
〈背景音乐：维瓦尔第：“ 夜晚” 巴松与弦乐协奏曲〉