Bassoon Digital Professor #90.
巴松管数码教授＃90。
Translation by Hanyu Qu. 译：屈涵雨
This is a remake of BDP#3.
这是翻拍的BDP＃3。
<Music: Hummel, Bassoon Concerto, I, Terry B. Ewell, bassoon, and Peter Amstutz, fortepiano, Oct. 1997, Kent University.>
<音乐：哈默巴松管协奏曲第一乐章，巴松管演奏：唐英伟博士；钢琴伴奏：彼得.阿姆斯特茨；1997年10月，肯特大学。>
1.I trust that the first few videos have been helpful to you and have introduced you to some important definitions and concepts for bassoon reed making.
我相信前几个教学视频一定对你认识关于巴松哨片制作重要定义及概念有所帮助
2.This video will concentrate on observation and balancing, which are two very important things that the reed maker needs to do. When you consider your bassoon reeds you need to not only look at tuning and other aspects, but you should look at the balance of the reeds since this will optimize the reed playing both at loud and dynamics as well as throughout the range of the instrument.
这个视频将着重介绍哨片观察以及怎样修整哨片到平衡状态，这两个是哨片制作者所需要掌握的重点。当你鉴定巴松哨片时，你不仅要看音准或其他反方面的因素，更要注意哨片的平衡性。一个较平衡的哨片可以在乐器演奏的响度音域之间很好的转换。
3.I have four principal methods of observation that I use to instruct my students. All of these methods require a wet reed. They are really all quite simple. Really the only tool I need for these four methods is a bassoon reed plaque. The reason we use a wet reed is because the cane is suppler when wet and it is also easier to view the layers of the parenchyma, that is, the wood or grain, when the cane is moist. We will be able to observe that. In the last video in this series I have some reeds that I am putting before the camera, so you will be able to see what I am talking about.
我一般用四个原则来教我的学生怎样观察哨片，这四个观察哨片的原则前提是哨片湿润。原则很简单，我所用到的唯一检测工具只是一个削哨舌头。我们观察湿润哨片的原因是纤维在哨片湿润的时候较为柔软而且薄壁组织，就是木质纤维组织的分层会较好观察。在本系列最后一个视频里我会用摄像展示我的一些哨片以便于你们观察。
4.One of the problems with an unbalanced reed is that we have the curvature of the blade in different places. Here is an example where the top blade is stronger forcing the lower blade to bend a bit. Here the bottom portion of this blade pushes up the top blade in this position. Here is an example where the entire top of the blade is stronger, although in this one portion (right) it is well balanced.
不平衡哨片的一个问题是上下苇片的弯度相悖，请看例子：这是一个由于左侧上苇片较厚而下苇片偏薄遭受挤压向下弯曲的情况，而另一个则是由于整个上侧苇片都偏厚，但是可以观察得到左侧上下苇片还是平衡的。
5. I have a little maxim or saying I use. Often my students won’t know what to do to fix a reed. “If in doubt, balance it out.” This has been a very good help for me and my students as you are trying to improve the reed. Usually is the reed is out of balance, just simply balancing it will be a tremendous help. Besides the balancing, of course, some of the concepts and ideas introduced in the third video about counterpoises will be very helpful.
我有一个常说的口诀，当我的学生不知道怎样修哨片时，我会告诉他们：如果怀疑质量，就把哨片做平衡。这对学生改良他们的哨片是一个有效的帮助。通常哨片处于不平衡状态时，把它修整到平衡的状态就会大大提升哨片的性能。当然除了修改到平衡这一概念，我在第三个视频里介绍的一些关于均衡性概念也会有所帮助。
6.So let’s go to the four methods of observation. The first method is to visually examine the reed blade. This is looking at the fibers or grain of the reed. You are examining the blade for symmetry. In this example we can see grain fibers that extend further up on the left hand side on this particular reed than the right hand side. Now, actually if you look at a reed you will see fibers throughout the blade. Some will suddenly appear in this section. But here we are looking at these longitudinal fibers that started at the back. Then here we are into a different layer of the reed cane.
现在我们来谈谈观察哨片的四种方法：第一种方法是用肉眼观察苇片的纤维。观察的重点是苇片的对称性。如图你可以看到左侧苇片纤维要比右侧苇片延伸的长。现在如果你去看哨子的话你会发现上面遍布着纤维，有些会突然出现在这个部分。但是我们现在着重观察竖直走向的纤维，然后看到纤维延伸到不同层次。
7.So looking carefully at the fibers and the texture can show you where the reed is too heavy. That is a very important method of observation that I use a lot in my reed making. Again it is easier to see the reed, it is easier to see those fibers in the blade, if the reed is wet.
所以仔细的观察哨片上的纤维可以帮助你找到哪部分纤维过厚，这是非常重要的观察方法，我在做哨片的时候常常用到。再一次强调湿润的哨片会更便于你观察苇片上的纤维。
8.The second method of observation uses what I call, “the bubble test.” The bubble test is done by positioning your fingers over the reed blade, looking at the tip—at the aperture of the reed directly in front of you, and slowly closing the reed with your thumb and index finger. So what you get is this bubble test. It will start with number 1 with next to no pressure from the fingers. As you close it a little further you get number 2. Notice that the aperture, the center, the opening, of the reed (this is what allows the air into the reed) is closing up. The blades are in contact here. In number 3 we have an even smaller aperture.
观察哨片的第二个方法我起名叫做“气泡测试”。由图示第一步开始，手指并不向夹住封口的哨片施加压力，当手指慢慢向风口施加压力你会看到如图二所示的情况，看到风口的闭合中心在压力下慢慢变小。苇片在中心边相连接，如图三所示我们得到了一个更小的风口闭合中心。
9.Now this is an excellently balanced reed because the aperture closes and lines up right where the center is. If the bubble is off-center, for instance, if the bubble is positioned over here; it would mean that side of the reed, the right-hand side of the reed is stronger. The left-hand side collapses first, the weaker blade is on this side. The right hand has a stronger portion of the blade and that is what is left open. That would immediately tell you that in order to balance this reed you don’t want to take material off the left hand side. You want to concentrate your energies on the right-hand side, taking off cane in that portion so eventually you can get the bubble aligned in the center. There should be symmetry to these blades
这是一个十分平衡的哨子因为观察到的风口中心在哨片风口对称中心处。如果风口闭合中心的“气泡.”形状有所偏离，假如偏到偏右侧这里，就说明风口右侧苇片较厚，而左侧风口哨片较薄弱。这可以很快告诉你如果想要把哨片修均匀你就不要去动左侧的纤维而是尽力去把右侧的厚的纤维修掉一些以达到让风口闭合在中心位置的目的，让哨片对称。
10.The next step I use is what I call the “finger test.” Now I know that with the bubble test I used my fingers. Yes, I know that. But this finger test is where I feel the entire blade. I feel the tip area, I feel the heart, I feel both sides (left and right), I feel the alleys and areas near the rails. I find that my fingers are able to sense, able to feel, where there are heavier or lighter portions of the reed. What I can’t always with my eyes I can feel with my fingertips. Our fingers are remarkably sensitive to pressure. You might find that this is a good and quick assessment tool for you.
下一步我起名叫做手指测试。虽然气泡测试我也是用的手，但是在手指测试中要用手指触觉去感受整个哨片。通过手指可以感受的到风口处，哨片中脊以及两侧，还有靠近铜环处的区域。我发现手指可以通过触觉感受到纤维哪个区域偏厚或者薄，我用肉眼不能观察到的手指就可以弥补。我们的手指对压力很敏感，你会发现手指测试是一个很好很有效率的检测工具。
11. The fourth method of observation is to take the bassoon plaque and insert it in the reed to observe the rail thicknesses. For instance, we have the plaque here inserted in the reed. The blades of the reed are spread apart ever so slightly so that you can observe the thickness between the metal plaque inserted here and the reed blades. Now, this particular reed here is symmetrical. Some reeds, however, will have one rail thicker (such as the lower) than the other. In that case this is another way for you to observe that you need to take off some of that lower rail in order to balance the reed.
第四种方法是把夹哨舌头放入哨片里观察厚度。举个例子，我们把夹哨舌头放到哨片里，这样上下苇片会轻微的分开，你就可以观察的到上下苇片的厚薄程度。现在，这个苇片是对称的，但是一些其他的哨子会有一个苇片比另一个苇片厚的情况（例如下侧苇片）。观察到这种情况你就需要把下侧苇片修整一下以来达到哨片的平衡。
12.Last of all, I want to mention that we have some other reed measuring tools that are very helpful as well. I haven’t mentioned these up to this point. A lamp (a light source) is a very nice method of measurement. I will show a video on that shortly. And also there is the dial indicator.
最后，我要介绍其他对哨片检测非常有用的工具，我还没有提到过，台灯，就是光源是有效的观察哨片的方法，我会很快用录像展示。还有一种检测方法是使用千分表，就是厚度计测量。
13.Many people find it helpful to look at reeds with a light source. This for example, is the first reed I have. You can see some of the grain easier. One thing you need to be aware of, however, when looking with lights sources is that depending upon the age of the reed and the density of the cane that reeds will look different. The denser the cane is, the more opaque the reed. Those were two new reeds I showed you. This is an older reed. It is a bit more opaque. It is more difficult to see through. This is probably the oldest reed of the bunch. You can see how much darker that reed is. But still you might find this a useful way to observe reeds, looking at the grain.
许多人都觉得在光源下观察哨片很有效。举个例子，这个是我的第一个哨片。你可以清楚地看到一些纤维，但是还有一件事你需要注意，就是当你在光源下观察哨片时，使用时间不同的哨片纤维疏密会看起来不同。纤维越密的哨片，看起来越难透光。我向展示你这两个哨片：这个是较老的哨片，相对更不透光，更难透过观察。这可能是我哨子里面最老的一个了，你可以看到哨片表面灰暗很多。但是你会发现观察纤维是一个很好的方法。
14.A dial indicator is another way in which a bassoonist can measure reeds. A dial indicator provides different measurements along the reed. The advantage of the dial indicator is its exact measurements. It is very good at measuring the center—spine, heart—of the reed. It is not as good, however, with measurements on the rails or the sides. That is one disadvantage with this particular type of measurement.
千分表，或厚度计是巴松演奏者可以测量哨片的另一个工具。厚度计可以对哨片的各个部分进行不同测量，它的优点是测量结果精准。尤其是测量哨中部像中脊，中心一样的位置。但是对于测量哨片边缘部分相对来说效果就没那么好了，这是厚度计的一个不足之处。
15. What a blessing it has been. I have been able to communicate with you, to give you some information. And now let me pray, and God will be communicating with you as well. Lord, I ask for you to be moving by your Holy Spirit, touching the lives of those listening to this, and God encouraging their hearts to move toward You. Amen.
真是如此有幸我能和你一起交流并提供给你一些信息。现在让我祈祷，那么上帝也会和你交流:主，愿你将圣灵触及到每位聆听者，鼓励他们的心灵向你，阿门。
<Music: Hummel, Bassoon Concerto, I, Terry B. Ewell, bassoon, and Peter Amstutz, fortepiano, Oct. 1997, Kent University.>
<音乐：哈默巴松管协奏曲第一乐章，巴松管演奏：唐英伟博士；钢琴伴奏：彼得.阿姆斯特茨；1997年10月，肯特大学。> 以上版权归唐英伟博士所有（2012）