Bassoon Video Professor
巴鬆管視頻教授
唐英伟博士
Translated by:
翻譯
朱潇潇
Welcome, this is the first in a series of videos dedicated to starting bassoonists and also to the teachers who teach young bassoonists and even beginning adult bassoonists.
I hope that you will find it helpful. In this particular lesson we will be discussing the care and maintenance of the bassoon reed and the bassoon, playing
position, embouchure position, and just a few basic fingerings. So, let's get started.
欢迎收看，这里是巴松系列视频讲座的第一课。无论你是巴松管的学生、初学者或是巴松老师，我都希望，这些视频对你来说会有帮助。今天的课，我们将讨论如何维护保养巴松的哨片和巴松管，巴松的演奏姿势，吹奏口的位置，和一些基本的指法。好的，我们现在就开始学习。
First off, with the bassoon reed I suggest that you soak it in tepid or luke-warm water. Generally I find thirty seconds to a minute is fine for me, if it is a reed that I am playing off and on every day. If it is a reed that has not been played in quite a while it may need as much as 5 minutes.
But once soaked the reed is ready to play. The bassoon embouchure is a very flexible embouchure. Unlike the single reed instruments where the embouchure is
fixed to the reed, the bassoon reed will move in and out of mouth and the embouchure, especially the jaw, will be moving throughout the ranges of the
instrument and in fact our dynamics are changed by the position of the jaw and the embouchure.
首先，关于巴松的哨片，我建议你把它浸泡在温水中。一般来说，如果是一个你每天都使用的哨片，那浸泡30秒到一分钟就可以了。如果是一个很久没有使用的哨片，可能要泡长达5分钟的时间。
一旦哨片泡好就可以开始演奏了。巴松的吹奏口非常灵活，不像一些吹奏口固定在哨片上的单哨片乐器，巴松的哨片可以从嘴巴里进出，哨片，特别是下颚可以在巴松的所有音区上移动，事实上，下颚和吹奏口位置的改变决定了声音的强弱变化。
So it is important to realize that we use a very flexible embouchure on the bassoon. One way in which to think about the position of the embouchure is to experiment with a low whistle. The jaw is dropped. The embouchure is forming around the reed and with that low whistle embouchure you take your finger and roll your lips in a little bit. You've got a close approximation to a bassoon embouchure.
You can tell the proper bassoon embouchure particularly for the lower register of the instrument by the way the reed plays or "crows." You put the bassoon reed in your mouth, again with that embouchure.
所以很重要的一点是，你要认识到，我们巴松的吹奏口是非常灵活的。用低音哨子练习，是掌握吹奏口位置的方法之一。下巴放低，手指滚动，用一点嘴唇包裹住吹奏口附近的哨片，这就是基本的巴松管演奏方法。
你可以在巴松管的低音区用合适的吹奏口演奏，否则发出的就是“哑音”。把巴松哨片放进嘴里，用刚才那个吹奏口。
Right now I am just getting a single higher pitch. If drop my jaw, loosen the embouchure just a little bit I get the octave below it. You can hear how it is
dropping in pitch. Then if I loosen it even more you get what we call a "crow" on a bassoon reed.
现在，我在吹一个高一些的单音。如果我放下下巴，把吹奏口松开一点点，吹出来的音就会降低八度。你可以听到它是怎样降低的。然后如果我松开更多，这就是我们所说的巴松哨片上“哑音”了。
The crow is [produced] with the very loosest embouchure. That is a type of embouchure that would be particularly used in the low register. As you get higher
and higher on the bassoon your embouchure tends to tighten in order to get the higher notes. But for now for the beginner it is good to have that looser
embouchure. Play with a forte tone, a loud sound. You use that as a reference then for the other embouchures. OK, so we are ready now that you understand about the embouchure and things.
哑音的产生是因为吹奏口过于松弛。这类吹奏口主要用于低音区。吹的音越高，巴松的吹奏口越紧。但现在，对于初学者来说，使用较松弛的吹奏口是件好事。需要吹响亮的长音时，你们可以将它作为参考，然后使用其他的吹奏口。 OK，相信你们现在应该搞清楚有关吹奏口的问题了。
I have to talk to you a little bit about tonguing. We start each note on the bassoon with the tongue on the reed, releasing the tongue. If this is the reed and this is your tongue, the air starts, the tongue is on the reed, you release it and the reed vibrates. For now we can stop the reed with the tongue. We'll talk about articulation later on in some of our other lessons. So give that a try. Start and stop with the tongue. I am going to get a little be closer. I hope I don't "gross you out" with this. I am going to show you the position I use with the tongue on the bassoon reed.
接下来我和你们谈谈运舌法。我们把舌头放在哨片上吹奏每一个音，然后放松舌头。如果这是哨片，这是你的舌头，空气开始流动，舌头在哨片上，当你放开，哨片就会振动。现在，我们可以停止用舌头接触哨片。在以后的课上我们会讨论关于巴松的发音问题。那现在先来试一下。开始使用舌头，然后停止。我将用近镜头，希望这么做不会让你们觉得恶心。这么做希望你们可以看清楚我是用舌头的哪个位置来接触巴松管哨片的。
So if this is the bassoon reed and this is the tongue I find that bassoon reeds hits just a little bit back from the tip of the tongue on the top of the tongue. And then I release and go back and forth like that. All right, now we are ready to put together the bassoon. I know that you are excited to put the bassoon together for the first time.
那如果这是巴松的哨片，这是舌头，我们发现，我们是用舌尖往后一点点的地方来接触巴松哨片的。然后我放松，向后和向前这样来回移动。好吧，现在我们已经准备好组装巴松了。我知道你们一定很高兴第一次完成巴松管组装。
Well, here we have the bassoon case which we have just opened and our bassoon here.
I am going to instruct you now on the proper steps to put together the bassoon.
First you pick up the boot joint. You want to pick it up in such a way that you are not crushing the keys or the key work.
好的，这里是刚打开的装有巴松的盒子。现在我来指导你怎样一步步把巴松组装起来。
首先，拿起U型管。这样把它拿起来以防压到上面的键。
So holding it from the sides is probably best. I position it with the pancake (or
the E key) here facing me. Next I pick up the tenor joint. The tenor joint fits
right into the boot joint. The tenor joint will have a space such as this so that
is right around the rim. Now many bassoons (and in fact this is one of them) may
come from the factory with a line (I think you can see that on the video)
inscribed. (Let me get the reflection right; there you go. There you can see it.)
You need to line those two [lines] up right like that. And we are then set. That is in the proper place.
所以从侧面拿着它可能是最好的。我把它放在煎饼或对着我的E键这里。接下来,我拿起短节管和U型管连接。短节管有一点空隙，像这样环绕住边缘。现在的很多巴松，事实上这支就是，在制作的时候被刻了一条线。我想你应该可以从视频上看到，在这里，你需要把这样的两条线连在一起。然后我们再安装。这就是一个适当的位置。
Next we put in the long joint. The long joint fits in like this. Push it down. Now most bassoons at the top will have a locking mechanism and this one has the locking mechanism that fits right in and closes over like that.
下一步，我们来装长节管。长节管应该这样来组装。把它压下来。现在大部分的巴松顶端都有一个锁定机制，那这支的锁定机制就像这样进入并合上。
And last of all we put on the bell of the bassoon. To put on the bell of the bassoon you need to hold down this pad so the key is up and you slip it on.
None of the joints should be overly tight. The bassoon should not fall apart when you pick it up like this. You don't want to damage anything by forcing it together.
最后，我们来把巴松的喇叭口组装好。你需要按住这个垫子，这样键是朝上的，你可以把喇叭口滑上去。
所有的部位都不能组装得太紧。这样拿起它巴松应该不会散架。在组装的时候，无需太用力以免损伤到巴松。
Now let's discuss a little bit here some other aspects of the bassoon case. Here
we have our two bassoon bocals. It has these twists that you twist in order to get the bocal out.
现在，我们来谈谈巴松盒子的其他部分。这里我们有两个巴松弯管。转动这里把弯管拿出来。
In this particular case here's our seat strap which we will be showing later. This case has it's reeds in here, a reed case. You need to find a good place for the reeds. Now many reeds you purchase will come in a small little tube like but this does not allow for enough air circulation for the reed to dry out and it might mold. In fact this case as it is probably needs some holes drilled in it just allow for a little more ventilation.
稍后我们将谈谈有关我们的座椅背带的问题。这是一个存放哨片的盒子，哨片盒。你要找一个地方把它放好。你购买的哨片通常会装在一个这样的小管子里，但是这个管里不会有太多空气流通让哨片变干，它可能太潮。实际上，像这个你可以给它打一些洞，让它多一点通风。